PENEGAKAN HUKUM TERHADAP TINDAK PIDANA UJARAN KEBENCIAN MELALUI MEDIA SOSIAL (STUDI POLRES BIMA KOTA)

Abstrak

Perkembangan teknologi informasi telah mendorong meningkatnya penggunaan media sosial sebagai sarana komunikasi publik. Namun, kebebasan berpendapat di ruang digital sering disalahgunakan melalui praktik ujaran kebencian, yang berpotensi mengganggu ketertiban umum dan merusak kohesi sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi penegakan hukum terhadap tindak pidana ujaran kebencian melalui media sosial oleh Polres Bima Kota, mengidentifikasi kendala yang dihadapi, serta mengevaluasi efektivitas dan strategi yang dilakukan dalam menanggulanginya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan hukum normatif dengan studi kepustakaan sebagai metode utama, serta memanfaatkan data sekunder dari dokumentasi resmi, literatur hukum, dan laporan institusional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penegakan hukum telah dilakukan secara sistematis melalui mekanisme pelaporan, investigasi, dan proses peradilan, dengan landasan regulatif seperti KUHP, UU ITE, dan surat edaran Kapolri. Meskipun terdapat peningkatan efektivitas penanganan kasus, kendala signifikan seperti keterbatasan SDM, infrastruktur, ambiguitas hukum, serta faktor budaya lokal masih menghambat kinerja optimal aparat. Polres Bima Kota telah mengembangkan berbagai inovasi seperti edukasi publik, sistem deteksi dini, forum multipihak, hingga penerapan restorative justice. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan model penegakan hukum integratif-kultural yang memadukan pendekatan hukum formal dengan kearifan lokal. Kontribusi penelitian ini bersifat teoretis dalam memperkaya diskursus cybercrime dan praktis dalam merumuskan kebijakan penanganan ujaran kebencian yang lebih kontekstual dan kolaboratif.

The development of information technology has encouraged the increasing use of social media as a means of public communication. However, freedom of speech in the digital space is often abused through the practice of hate speech, which has the potential to disrupt public order and damage social cohesion. This study aims to analyze the implementation of law enforcement against criminal acts of hate speech through social media by Bima City Police, identify the obstacles faced, and evaluate the effectiveness and strategies taken in overcoming them. This research uses a normative legal approach with literature study as the main method, and utilizes secondary data from official documentation, legal literature, and institutional reports. The results show that law enforcement has been carried out systematically through reporting mechanisms, investigations, and judicial processes, with regulatory foundations such as the Criminal Code, ITE Law, and Chief of Police circular letters. Although there is an increase in the effectiveness of case handling, significant obstacles such as limited human resources, infrastructure, legal ambiguity, and local cultural factors still hamper the optimal performance of the apparatus. Bima City Police has developed various innovations such as public education, early detection systems, multi-stakeholder forums, and the application of restorative justice. This research recommends an integrative-cultural law enforcement model that combines formal legal approaches with local wisdom. The contribution of this research is theoretical in enriching the cybercrime discourse and practical in formulating policies for handling hate speech that are more contextual and collaborative.