PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP KORBAN CYBERBULLYING DI INDONESIA: ANALISIS YURIDIS DAN VICTIMOLOGIS

Abstrak

Perkembangan teknologi informasi yang pesat telah membawa dampak positif sekaligus negatif dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Salah satu dampak negatif yang semakin marak adalah cyberbullying, yaitu tindakan penindasan atau pelecehan melalui media digital seperti media sosial, pesan instan, dan forum daring. Cyberbullying dapat menimbulkan dampak psikologis yang serius bagi korban, seperti depresi, kecemasan, bahkan bunuh diri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bentuk perlindungan hukum terhadap korban cyberbullying di Indonesia dari perspektif hukum positif dan victimologi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan studi kasus. Penelitian ini mengkaji efektivitas peraturan yang berlaku, seperti Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (UU ITE) serta peran lembaga seperti Kepolisian, Komnas HAM, dan LPSK dalam memberikan perlindungan kepada korban. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa meskipun cyberbullying telah diatur dalam UU ITE, implementasinya masih menghadapi kendala, seperti lemahnya literasi digital, kurangnya pemahaman aparat penegak hukum, dan belum adanya instrumen hukum khusus yang mengatur secara rinci perlindungan korban. Dari sudut pandang victimologi, korban cyberbullying sering mengalami reviktimisasi akibat kurangnya dukungan sosial dan stigmatisasi. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan pembaruan kebijakan yang lebih berorientasi pada korban (victim-centered approach), termasuk penyediaan layanan konseling, edukasi digital, serta sistem pelaporan yang ramah korban. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan agar Indonesia segera menyusun regulasi khusus terkait cyberbullying dan memperkuat kerja sama lintas sektor dalam penanganan korban.

The rapid development of information technology has brought both positive and negative impacts on society. One of the increasingly prevalent negative impacts is cyberbullying, which is the act of oppression or harassment through digital media such as social media, instant messaging, and online forums. Cyberbullying can cause serious psychological effects on victims, such as depression, anxiety, and even suicide. This study aims to analyze the forms of legal protection for victims of cyberbullying in Indonesia from the perspectives of positive law and victimology. The research method used is a normative legal approach based on legislation and case studies. This study examines the effectiveness of existing regulations, such as the Electronic Information and Transaction Law (UU ITE), as well as the role of institutions such as the police, the National Human Rights Commission, and the LPSK in providing protection to victims. The findings indicate that although cyberbullying is regulated under the UU ITE, its implementation still faces challenges, such as low digital literacy, insufficient understanding among law enforcement officials, and the absence of specific legal instruments that detail the protection of victims. From a victimology perspective, victims of cyberbullying often experience revictimization due to a lack of social support and stigmatization. Therefore, there is a need for policy updates that are more victim-centered, including the provision of counseling services, digital education, and a victim-friendly reporting system. This study recommends that Indonesia immediately develop specific regulations related to cyberbullying and strengthen cross-sectoral cooperation in handling victims.