EKSAMINASI KEKUATAN PUTUSAN ARBITRASE YANG BERBASIS INTEGRASI MEDIASI DAN EX AEQUO ET BONO DI SISTEM PERADILAN INDONESIA

Abstrak

Perkembangan penyelesaian sengketa komersial di Indonesia semakin mengedepankan integrasi mediasi dalam arbitrase, terutama penerapan prinsip ex aequo et bono. Prinsip ini memberikan keleluasaan bagi arbitrator untuk memutus sengketa berdasarkan keadilan dan kepatutan, tidak sekadar aturan hukum formal. Namun, tantangan muncul terkait legitimasi, kekuatan mengikat, dan kepastian hukum putusan yang dihasilkan, terutama jika tidak ada persetujuan eksplisit para pihak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan analisis peraturan, yurisprudensi, dan studi kasus untuk mengkaji pengaruh ex aequo et bono dalam arbitrase-mediasi di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan asas ex aequo et bono berpotensi meningkatkan efektivitas penyelesaian sengketa melalui solusi yang adil dan win-win, tetapi membutuhkan kerangka regulasi yang jelas dan kesepakatan yang tegas agar putusan sah dan eksekutabel. Penelitian juga mengidentifikasi kendala regulasi, interpretasi yuridis, serta praktik yang perlu diatasi melalui harmonisasi aturan, peningkatan kapasitas arbitrator, dan pedoman institusional yang mendukung. Kesimpulannya, eksistensi dan penggunaan ex aequo et bono secara tepat dapat memperkuat sistem arbitrase di Indonesia sebagai alternatif penyelesaian sengketa yang adil dan memadai.

Developments in commercial dispute resolution in Indonesia increasingly prioritize the integration of mediation into arbitration, particularly the application of the ex aequo et bono principle. This principle provides arbitrators with the flexibility to decide disputes based on fairness and propriety, not simply on formal legal rules. However, challenges arise regarding the legitimacy, binding force, and legal certainty of the resulting award, particularly in the absence of explicit agreement between the parties. This research uses a normative juridical method with analysis of regulations, jurisprudence, and case studies to examine the influence of ex aequo et bono in arbitration-mediation in Indonesia. The results indicate that the application of the ex aequo et bono principle has the potential to increase the effectiveness of dispute resolution through fair and win-win solutions, but requires a clear regulatory framework and firm agreements for awards to be valid and enforceable. The research also identifies regulatory barriers, legal interpretations, and practices that need to be addressed through regulatory harmonization, arbitrator capacity building, and supportive institutional guidelines. In conclusion, the existence and appropriate use of ex aequo et bono proceedings can strengthen the arbitration system in Indonesia as a fair and adequate alternative dispute resolution method.