PENGALAMAN CULTURAL SHOCK DAN PROSES ADAPTASI MISIONARIS SERVARUM SPIRITUS SANCTI (SSpS) TIMOR DALAM KOMUNIKASI LINTAS BUDAYA

Abstrak

Komunikasi memiliki peran penting pada setiap interaksi lintas budaya. Dalam menjalani komunikasi lintas budaya individu yang terlibat dalam proses komunikasi akan dihadapkan dengan situasi cultural shock yaitu keterkejutan terhadap budaya di lingkungan baru. Untuk mengatasi cultural Shock dibutuhkan proses adaptasi. Fenomena cultural shock ini dialami misionaris Abdi Roh Kudus/SSpS Timor di negara misi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji mengenai pengalaman cultural shock dan proses adaptasi para suster mantan misionaris SSpS Timor di negara misi dalam komunikasi lintas budaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi fenomenologi menurut Alfred Schuzt. Sumber data yang digunakan data primer dan data sekunder dengan jumlah informan sebanyak enam suster mantan misionaris. Teknik pengumpulan data yakni wawancara mendalam dan observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan cultural shock terjadi karena ada berbagai perbedaan dilingkungan baru yang meliputi bahasa, makanan, gaya hidup dan cuaca. Proses adaptasi terhadap Cultural shock terjadi dalam empat fase; fase honeymoon, fase frustration, fase recovery dan juga fase resolution. Mengatasi permasalahan cultural shock informan mulai melakukan penyesuaian diri dilingkungan baru dengan cara belajar bahasa dan budaya tuan rumah serta melakukan komunikasi dan interaksi secara terus menerus dengan masyarakat di negara misi. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa cultural shock akan dialami oleh siapapun ketika berada dilingkungan baru dengan budaya dan situasi yang serba baru. Pengalaman cultural shock dan proses adaptasi setiap individu bervariasi. Saran untuk peneliti selanjutnya dapat melakukan penelitian terkait pengalaman cultural shock pada budaya sendiri yang dialami seseorang saat kembali ke daerah asalnya setelah bertahun-tahun tinggal di tanah rantau.

Communication has an important role in every cross-cultural interaction. In undergoing cross-cultural communication, individuals involved in the communication process will be faced with a cultural shock situation, namely shock to the culture in a new environment. To overcome cultural shock, an adaptation process is needed. The phenomenon of cultural shock is experienced by Abdi Roh Kudus/SSpS Timor missionaries in the mission country. This study aims to examine the experience of cultural shock and the adaptation process of former SSpS Timorese missionaries in the mission country in cross-cultural communication. This research uses a qualitative approach with the type of phenomenological study research according to Alfred Schuzt. The data sources used are primary data and secondary data with the number of informants as many as six former missionary sisters. Data collection techniques are in-depth interviews and observation. The results showed that cultural shock occurs because there are various differences in the new environment which include language, food, lifestyle and weather. The process of adaptation to cultural shock occurs in four phases; honeymoon phase, frustration phase, recovery phase and also resolution phase. Overcoming the problem of cultural shock, informants began to make adjustments in the new environment by learning the host language and culture and communicating and interacting continuously with the community in the mission country. The conclusion of this study is that cultural shock will be experienced by anyone when in a new environment with a completely new culture and situation. The experience of cultural shock and the adaptation process of each individual varies. Suggestions for future researchers can conduct research related to the experience of cultural shock in one's own culture experienced by someone when returning to their home area after years of living in the overseas land.