KONFLIK REGULASI MEKANISME ROYALTI LAGU DI INDONESIA: ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN ANTARA DIRECT LICENSING DAN PENGELOLAAN KOLEKTIF

Abstrak

: Dinamika regulasi pengelolaan hak cipta lagu di Indonesia menunjukkan ketegangan antara kepastian hukum dan perlindungan hak ekonomi pencipta di tengah digitalisasi industri musik. Perbedaan karakter antara direct licensing dan pengelolaan kolektif yang sama-sama diakui secara hukum menimbulkan persoalan normatif, terutama dalam menentukan efektivitas dan keadilan bagi para pencipta. Ketidaksinkronan antara Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta dan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 56 Tahun 2021 tentang Pengelolaan Royalti Lagu dan/atau Musik memperlihatkan adannya karakteristik yang berbeda dalam pelaksanaannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbandingan antara direct licensing dan pengelolaan kolektif dan menelaah dampak konfliknya terhadap perlindungan hak ekonomi pencipta di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif melalui pendekatan perundang-undangan, kajian ini menelaah dasar hukum, dan praktik penerapan antara direct licensing dan pengelolaan kolektif dalam industri musik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbandingan antara mekanisme direct licensing dan pengelolaan kolektif terdapat perbedaan mendasar dalam hal fleksibilitas, efisiensi, dan transparansi dalam distribusi royalti dan Dampak konflik regulasi antara direct licensing dan penengelolaan kolektif mekanisme  menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum dan ketidakadilan distribusi royalti akibat tumpang tindih kewenangan antara direct licensing dan pengelolaan kolektif, sehingga melemahkan perlindungan hak ekonomi pencipta.

The regulatory dynamics of music copyright management in Indonesia reveal a persistent tension between legal certainty and the protection of creators’ economic rights amid the digitalization of the music industry. The coexistence of direct licensing and collective management, both legally recognized, presents normative challenges in assessing their effectiveness and fairness for creators. The inconsistency between Law Number 28 of 2014 on Copyright and Government Regulation Number 56 of 2021 concerning the Management of Royalties for Songs and/or Music demonstrates differing characteristics in their implementation. This study aims to analyze the comparison between direct licensing and collective management, as well as to examine the implications of their regulatory conflicts on the protection of creators’ economic rights in Indonesia. Employing a normative juridical research method through a statutory approach, this study examines the legal foundations and practical applications of both mechanisms within the music industry. The findings indicate that direct licensing and collective management differ fundamentally in terms of flexibility, efficiency, and transparency in royalty distribution. Furthermore, the regulatory conflicts between these mechanisms have generated legal uncertainty and inequitable royalty distribution due to overlapping authorities, thereby undermining the protection of creators’ economic rights.