PERAN ADVOKAT DALAM MENDORONG IMPLEMENTASI KEADILAN RESTORATIVE DALAM PENANGANAN PERKARA TINDAK PIDANA DI INDONESIA

Abstrak

Keadilan restoratif merupakan pendekatan pemidanaan yang menekankan pemulihan kerugian korban, pertanggungjawaban pelaku, serta pemulihan hubungan sosial. Dalam implementasinya, advokat memiliki peran strategis untuk memastikan pemenuhan hak pelaku dan korban, sekaligus menjaga agar proses perdamaian tidak mengabaikan rasa keadilan publik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji kontribusi advokat dalam mendorong penerapan keadilan restoratif di tahap penyidikan, penuntutan, dan persidangan berdasarkan Perpol 8/2021 dan Perja 15/2020, serta mengidentifikasi tantangan dan strategi penguatan peran advokat dalam praktiknya. Metode yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan kualitatif melalui analisis peraturan dan contoh kasus penyelesaian perkara ringan di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan advokat berperan sebagai penasihat hukum, mediator informal, dan pengawal keadilan substantif agar restorative justice tidak hanya berorientasi pada penghentian perkara, tetapi juga pemulihan korban. Tantangan utama yang dihadapi yaitu paradigma litigasi, lemahnya koordinasi antar penegak hukum, dan belum adanya SOP khusus bagi advokat dalam restorative justice. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penguatan kapasitas advokat, kolaborasi lintas lembaga, serta pembaruan kode etik sebagai strategi implementasi keadilan restoratif yang lebih efektif dalam sistem peradilan pidana Indonesia.

Restorative justice is a criminal justice approach that emphasizes victim recovery, offender accountability, and the restoration of social harmony. In its implementation, lawyers play a strategic role in ensuring the protection of the rights of both offenders and victims while maintaining substantive justice throughout the peace negotiation process. This study examines the contribution of lawyers in promoting restorative justice during the stages of investigation, prosecution, and trial based on Perpol No. 8 of 2021 and Perja No. 15 of 2020, as well as identifying the challenges and strategies for strengthening their role in practice. This research uses a normative juridical method with a qualitative approach by reviewing legislation and practical cases of minor crimes resolved through restorative justice mechanisms in Indonesia. The results show that lawyers act as legal advisers, informal mediators, and guardians of substantive justice to ensure that restorative justice focuses not only on terminating cases but also on providing meaningful recovery for victims. The main challenges faced include litigation-oriented mindsets, weak inter-institutional coordination, and the absence of standard operating procedures for lawyers in restorative justice. Therefore, capacity building, cross-institutional collaboration, and reform of the lawyer’s code of ethics are required to optimize the effectiveness of restorative justice within Indonesia’s criminal justice system.