ANALISIS EFEKTIVITAS RESTORATIVE JUSTICE DALAM PENYELESAIAN TINDAK PIDANA KEKERASAN DALAM RUMAH TANGGA BERDASARKAN SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA INDONESIA

Abstrak

Data CATAHU Komnas Perempuan 2024 menunjukkan bahwa kasus Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (KDRT) mencapai lebih dari 330.097 kasus per tahun, menandakan urgensi penanganan yang efektif dan berkeadilan. Perubahan paradigma hukum pidana dari retributive justice menuju restorative justice, sebagaimana diatur dalam Peraturan Kepolisian (Perpol) No. 8 Tahun 2021 dan Peraturan Jaksa Agung (Perja) No. 15 Tahun 2020, membuka ruang penyelesaian pidana melalui pendekatan damai. Namun demikian, dalam konteks KDRT, muncul permasalahan serius berupa tumpang-tindih antara tujuan pemulihan keharmonisan keluarga dengan kewajiban negara untuk melindungi korban perempuan dari kekerasan berulang.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas penerapan restorative justice dalam tindak pidana KDRT berdasarkan sistem peradilan pidana Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif, dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach), konseptual (conceptual approach), dan kasus (case approach), termasuk studi kasus perdamaian KDRT Kejaksaani sNegeri Labuhan Batu,Sumatra Utara. Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif-analitis dengan menilai kesesuaian antara norma hukum dan praktik lapangan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan restorative justice hanya efektif pada kasus KDRT ringan yang disertai kesukarelaan korban, tidak ada luka berat atau kekerasan seksual, serta pendampingan oleh lembaga perlindungan seperti LPSK atau P2TP2A.Sebaliknya, penerapan pada KDRT berat berpotensi mengabaikan perlindungan korban dan bertentangan dengan semangat UU No. 23 Tahun 2004 tentang Penghapusan Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga.Oleh karena itu, disarankan revisi regulasi agar memperjelas batas penerapan RJ, kewajiban pelibatan LPSK atau P2TP2A, serta penguatan mekanisme pengawasan pasca-perdamaian guna mewujudkan keadilan yang berperspektif korban dan gender.

The 2024 CATAHU Data from Komnas Perempuan indicates that cases of Domestic Violence (KDRT) reached over 330,097 cases per year, signaling the urgency for effective and just handling. The shift in the criminal law paradigm from retributive justice to restorative justice (RJ), as regulated in Police Regulation (Perpol) No. 8 of 2021 and Attorney General Regulation (Perja) No. 15 of 2020, opens up space for criminal settlement through a peaceful approach. However, in the context of Domestic Violence, a serious problem arises: the overlap between the goal of restoring family harmony and the state's obligation to protect female victims from repeated violence.This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of implementing restorative justice in domestic violence criminal acts based on the Indonesian criminal justice system. The research method used is normative legal research, with a statute approach, conceptual approach, and case approach, including a case study of a domestic violence peace agreement at the Labuhan Batu District Attorney's Office, North Sumatra. The analysis is conducted descriptively-analytically by assessing the conformity between legal norms and field practice.The research results indicate that the application of restorative justice is only effective in cases of minor domestic violence accompanied by the victim's voluntary consent, the absence of severe injuries or sexual violence, and assistance from protection institutions such as LPSK (Witness and Victim Protection Agency) or P2TP2A (Integrated Service Center for the Empowerment of Women and Children).Conversely, its application in severe domestic violence cases has the potential to disregard victim protection and contradict the spirit of Law No. 23 of 2004 concerning the Elimination of Domestic Violence. Therefore, regulatory revision is suggested to clarify the boundaries of RJ application, the mandatory involvement of LPSK or P2TP2A, and the strengthening of post-peace supervision mechanisms to realize justice that is victim-centered and gender-sensitive.