PERAN BADAN PERTANAHAN NASIONAL DALAM PENDAFTARAN HAK ATAS TANAH UNTUK MEWUJUDKAN KEPASTIAN HUKUM

Abstrak

Studi ini menelaah tentang fungsi BPN/Badan Pertanahan Nasional dalam penetapan hak atas tanah untuk mewujudkan kepastian hukum di Indonesia, khususnya terhadap sertifikat ganda. BPN memiliki peran strategis sebagai Suatu institusi yang tidak sekadar melaksanakan tugas administratif, melainkan juga menjalankan fungsi hukum yuridis dalam menjamin perlindungan hukum bagi pemegang hak atas tanah. Melewati kebijakan misalnya PTSL/Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematis Lengkap dan digitalisasi data pertanahan, BPN berupaya membangun sistem administrasi pertanahan akuntabel, transparan, juga efisien. Studi ini memakai metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan serta kasus, juga dilengkapi penelitian lapangan melewati wawancara dan observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun BPN telah berupaya meningkatkan kepastian hukum, masih terdapat kendala seperti rendahnya kesadaran masyarakat, tumpang tindih sertifikat tanah, dan lemahnya koordinasi antarinstansi. Faktor penyebab tumpang tindih antara lain kesalahan teknis pengukuran, lemahnya verifikasi administrasi,serta praktik maladministrasi. Upaya penyelesaiannya dilakukan melalui re-survey, digitalisasi data, pengawasan internal, dan peningkatan literasi hukum masyarakat.

This study examines the role of the National Land Agency (Badan Pertanahan Nasional/BPN) in the determination of land rights to achieve legal certainty in Indonesia, particularly with regard to the issue of duplicate land certificates. BPN plays a strategic role as an institution that not only performs administrative functions but also carries out juridical functions in ensuring legal protection for holders of land rights. Through policies such as the Complete Systematic Land Registration Program (Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematis Lengkap/PTSL) and the digitalization of land data, BPN seeks to establish a land administration system that is transparent, efficient, and accountable. This research employs a normative juridical method using statutory and case approaches, complemented by field research through interviews and observations. The findings indicate that although BPN has made efforts to enhance legal certainty, several obstacles persist, including low public awareness, overlapping land certificates, and weak inter-agency coordination. Factors contributing to certificate overlaps include technical errors in land measurement, weak administrative verification, and maladministration practices. Resolution efforts are undertaken through re-surveys, data digitalization, internal supervision, and the enhancement of public legal literacy.