ANALISIS PANDANGAN ISLAM PADA CRYPTOCURRENCY DAN PROSPEK BLOCKCHAIN DALAM INOVASI PRODUK PERBANKAN SYARIAH

Abstrak

The use of cryptocurrency in Indonesia in 2025 will experience a significant increase, reaching 23.3 million. In terms of prospects, blockchain technology has good potential for innovation in Islamic banking products. However, in terms of legal aspects, Islamic scholars and legal experts still have differing opinions. This thesis attempts to explain the opinions of scholars regarding the legality of using cryptocurrency and its prospects for the innovation of Islamic banking products. This research is a library research with a descriptive qualitative approach. Data was collected from relevant literature sources. The types of data used were primary data obtained from the Quran, books, journals, fatwas, and related articles, as well as secondary data obtained from written documents and scientific publications. The data was analyzed using deductive, inductive, and comparative methods. The results of this study show that, in the view of the MUI, the use of cryptocurrency as a transaction tool is haram because it violates the principles of muamalah fiqh (gharar, maysir, riba) and Indonesian currency regulations. Meanwhile, the fatwa center of South Africa, Darul Uloom Zakariyya, has responded that bitcoin meets the requirements of mal, which means it can be traded. However, they also emphasized that in order to qualify as a medium of exchange, it must be approved by the government in each country. Blockchain technology has great prospects for innovation in Islamic banking products, such as increasing transparency, efficiency, and presenting sharia through smart contracts in mudharabah, sukuk, and integration with CBDC for cross-border payments. Blockchain technology can be an innovative solution for Islamic banking to compete in the digital era, as long as it is in line with Islamic principles such as mashlahah and istihsan. The recommendation for the government is to establish comprehensive regulations for cryptocurrency and accelerate the implementation of CBDC; for the public, to invest cautiously; and for future researchers, to conduct field research to measure the readiness of Islamic banking practitioners.