⁠IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM INTEGRASI LAYANAN PRIMER (ILP) DALAM UPAYA PENINGKATAN KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT DI INDONESIA – SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Abstrak

Integrasi Layanan Primer (ILP) merupakan salah satu kebijakan strategis Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia dalam kerangka Transformasi Sistem Kesehatan untuk memperkuat pelayanan kesehatan primer yang komprehensif, terintegrasi, berkesinambungan, dan berpusat pada masyarakat. Kebijakan ini sebagai fondasi utama dalam pencapaian Universal Health Coverage (UHC) dan Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Implementasi ILP di Indonesia masih menghadapi berbagai tantangan, mulai dari keterbatasan sumber daya manusia, pembiayaan, integrasi sistem informasi kesehatan, hingga koordinasi lintas sektor. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan sintesis bukti ilmiah untuk mengevaluasi implementasi ILP serta mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi keberhasilannya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menelaah secara sistematis bukti ilmiah mengenai implementasi Program Integrasi Layanan Primer (ILP) dalam upaya peningkatan kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode Systematic Review berdasarkan pedoman PRISMA 2020. Penelusuran literatur dilakukan pada database PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, Google Scholar, Garuda, dan Portal SINTA. Artikel yang diterbitkan pada periode 2020–2026 diseleksi menggunakan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Data dianalisis secara naratif melalui sintesis tematik. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi ILP mampu meningkatkan akses pelayanan kesehatan, memperkuat pelayanan promotif dan preventif, serta meningkatkan koordinasi pelayanan berbasis siklus kehidupan. Namun demikian, implementasi masih menghadapi berbagai kendala berupa keterbatasan sumber daya manusia, belum optimalnya integrasi sistem rujukan, rendahnya interoperabilitas sistem informasi kesehatan, serta ketimpangan sarana dan prasarana antar fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan yang berdampak pada keterlambatan pelayanan, duplikasi pemeriksaan, dan terganggunya kontinuitas pelayanan pasien. Keberhasilan implementasi ILP memerlukan strategi pemerintah berupa penguatan tata kelola, peningkatan kapasitas SDM kesehatan, digitalisasi sistem informasi melalui SATUSEHAT dan Sisrute, penguatan jejaring pelayanan kesehatan, serta monitoring dan evaluasi berkelanjutan sehingga pelayanan kesehatan primer dapat terintegrasi secara optimal dan mendukung pencapaian Universal Health Coverage.

Primary Care Integration (ILP) is a strategic policy of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, situated within the Health System Transformation framework, aimed at strengthening primary health services to be comprehensive, integrated, continuous, and community-centered. This policy serves as a cornerstone for achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, the implementation of ILP in Indonesia faces various challenges, ranging from limitations in human resources, financing, and health information system integration to cross-sectoral coordination issues. Therefore, a synthesis of scientific evidence is required to evaluate ILP implementation and identify the factors influencing its success. This study aims to systematically review scientific evidence regarding the implementation of the Primary Care Integration (ILP) program in efforts to improve public health in Indonesia. A systematic review methodology was employed, adhering to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Literature searches were conducted across PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, Google Scholar, Garuda, and the SINTA Portal. Articles published between 2020 and 2026 were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were analyzed narratively through thematic synthesis. The review findings indicate that ILP implementation enhances access to health services, strengthens promotive and preventive care, and improves the coordination of life-cycle-based services. Nevertheless, implementation still faces obstacles such as human resource limitations, suboptimal referral system integration, low health information system interoperability, and disparities in facilities and infrastructure among health service providers; these issues result in service delays, duplicate examinations, and disruptions to the continuity of patient care. Successful ILP implementation requires government strategies focused on strengthening governance, enhancing the capacity of the health workforce, digitizing information systems (via SATUSEHAT and Sisrute), strengthening health service networks, and ensuring continuous monitoring and evaluation, thereby enabling optimally integrated primary health services that support the achievement of Universal Health Coverage