INTEGRASI PELAYANAN SPIRITUAL ISLAMI DALAM PATIENT-CENTERED CARE DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM: KAJIAN INTEGRATIF

Abstrak

Latar belakang: Pelayanan rumah sakit masih sering berpusat pada kebutuhan biomedis, sedangkan kebutuhan agama dan spiritual pasien belum selalu dikaji secara sistematis. Pada pasien Muslim, sakit dapat memengaruhi ibadah, makna hidup, harapan, privasi, peran keluarga, dan keputusan akhir kehidupan. Tujuan: Menyintesis bukti mutakhir tentang pelayanan spiritual Islami dan merumuskan kerangka implementasi yang inklusif bagi rumah sakit umum. Metode: Kajian integratif dilakukan melalui penelusuran terstruktur pada PubMed/MEDLINE, platform penerbit yang mengindeks publikasi Scopus, Google Scholar, dan portal ilmiah Indonesia untuk publikasi 2020–8 Agustus 2026, dilengkapi sumber seminal dan institusional. Artikel yang memenuhi kriteria membahas kebutuhan spiritual pasien Muslim, intervensi spiritual Islami, kompetensi tenaga kesehatan, atau implementasi tingkat rumah sakit. Bukti disintesis secara naratif menurut populasi, intervensi, luaran, dan implikasi organisasi; mutu metodologis ditelaah dengan kriteria sesuai desain yang diinformasikan oleh MMAT. Hasil: Bukti mengerucut pada tujuh tema, yaitu kebutuhan individual, asesmen spiritual, fasilitasi ibadah, komunikasi empatik, intervensi religius berbasis persetujuan, kolaborasi keluarga dan pembimbing rohani, serta dukungan organisasi. Sejumlah uji intervensi menunjukkan potensi perbaikan kesehatan spiritual, kualitas tidur, harapan, kecemasan, depresi, dan kecemasan menghadapi kematian. Namun, generalisasi dibatasi oleh sampel kecil, heterogenitas intervensi, tindak lanjut pendek, dan konsentrasi geografis penelitian. Kesimpulan: Pelayanan spiritual Islami paling tepat diposisikan sebagai pelengkap pelayanan klinis yang berbasis kebutuhan dan persetujuan pasien. Kajian ini mengusulkan ASRI–PCC—Asesmen, Stratifikasi, Respons, dan Integrasi dalam Patient-Centered Care—sebagai kerangka konseptual yang masih memerlukan validasi lokal.

Background: Hospital care often prioritizes biomedical needs while patients’ religious and spiritual needs remain inconsistently assessed. For Muslim patients, illness may affect worship, meaning, hope, privacy, family roles, and end-of-life decisions. Objective: To synthesize recent evidence on Islamic spiritual care and formulate an implementable, inclusive framework for general hospitals. Methods: An integrative review was conducted using a structured search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus-oriented publisher platforms, Google Scholar, and Indonesian scholarly portals for publications from 2020 to 8 August 2026, supplemented by seminal and institutional sources. Eligible studies addressed Muslim patients’ spiritual needs, Islamic spiritual interventions, health-worker competence, or hospital-level implementation. Evidence was narratively synthesized by population, intervention, outcome, and organizational implication; mixed designs were appraised using design-appropriate criteria informed by MMAT. Results: The evidence converged on seven themes: individualized needs, spiritual assessment, worship facilitation, empathic communication, optional religious interventions, family and chaplain collaboration, and organizational support. Trials reported potential improvements in spiritual health, sleep, hope, anxiety, depression, and death anxiety, although generalizability was constrained by small samples, intervention heterogeneity, short follow-up, and geographic concentration. Conclusion: Islamic spiritual care is most defensible as a consent-based complement to clinical care. This review proposes ASRI–PCC—Assessment, Stratification, Response, and Integration within Patient-Centered Care—as a conceptual implementation framework requiring local validation