HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP IBU TERHADAP KELENGKAPAN IMUNISASI DASAR DIPOSYANDU DESA PIABUNG

Abstrak

Imunisasi merupakan salah satu upaya pemeliharan kesehatan anak dan balita yang dilakukan sejak janin masih dalam kandungan, dilahirkan, setelah dilahirkan, dan sampai berusia 18 tahun. Ibu memiliki peran penting dalam program imunisasi dasar pada anak. Pengetahuan dan sikap ibu tentang imunisasi mempengaruhi pemberian imunisasi pada anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengetahuan dan sikap ibu terhadap kelengkapan imunisasi dasar yang terjadi penurunan pada tahun 2020 sebanyak 86,4%, Pada tahun 2021 sebanyak 78,94% di Desa Piabung.  Waktu penelitian 15 juli 2023. Sementara populasinya adalah sejumlah 97 responden dan sampelnya 50 responden. Alat ukur menggunakan kuesioner pengetahuan 20 item dan kuesioner sikap 15 item dan imunisasi menggunakan KMS/KIA. Analisa Univariat yaitu karakteristik usia paling banyak 26-35 tahun (74%), pendidikan paling banyak SMA (34%), pekerjaan IRT sebanyak 22 responden (44%). Analisa bivariat menggunakan Uji spearman rank. Hasil penelitian menunjukan responden dengan pengetahuan baik dan imunisasi lengkap (34%), sedangkan pengetahuan cukup (20%). Responden memiliki sikap positif dan imunisasi lengkap sebanyak (20%) dan responden memiliki sikap negative sebanyak (34%). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa didapatkan hasil dengan nilai p= 0,03 (p< 0,05) yang artinya ada hubungan pengetahuan ibu terhadap kelengkapan imunisasi dasar diposyandu Desa Piabung, dan didapatkan hasil dengan nilai p=0,01 (p<0,05) yang artinya ada hubungan sikap ibu terhadap kelengkapan imunisasi dasar diposyandu Desa Piabung. Diharapkan bagi pihak puskesmas untuk terus memberikan dorongan dan motivasi kerja kepada para kader dengan memberikan pelatihan-pelatihan pada kader dalam meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan dan diharapkan bagi ibu agar lebih termotivasi lagi dengan rajin mengunjungi posyandu serta mengikuti seluruh kegiatan posyandu demi meningkatkan kesehatan anak.

Immunization is one of the efforts to maintain the health of children and toddlers which is carried out from the time the fetus is still in the womb, at birth, after birth, and until the age of 18 years. Mothers have an important role in basic immunization programs for children. Mothers' knowledge and attitudes about immunization influence the provision of immunizations to children. This research aims to determine mothers' knowledge and attitudes towards the completeness of basic immunization which decreased in 2020 by 86.4%, in 2021 it was 78.94% in Piabung Village. The time of the research is 15 July 2023. Meanwhile the population is 97 respondents and the sample is 50 respondents. The measuring tool uses a 20-item knowledge questionnaire and a 15-item attitude questionnaire and immunization uses KMS/KIA. Univariate analysis, namely the age characteristics of the most 26-35 years (74%), the most education being high school (34%), the occupation of household workers as many as 22 respondents (44%). Bivariate analysis used the Spearman rank test. The research results showed that respondents had good knowledge and complete immunization (34%), while sufficient knowledge (20%). Respondents had a positive attitude and complete immunization (20%) and respondents had a negative attitude (34%). The results of the study showed that the results were obtained with a value of p= 0.03 (p<0.05), which means that there was a relationship between mother's knowledge of the completeness of basic immunization at the posyandu in Piabung Village, and results were obtained with a value of p=0.01 (p<0.05 ) which means there is a relationship between the mother's attitude towards the completeness of basic immunization at the Piabung Village posyandu. It is hoped that the puskesmas will continue to provide encouragement and work motivation to the cadres by providing training to cadres in improving the quality of service and it is hoped that mothers will be even more motivated by diligently visiting the posyandu and participating in all posyandu activities to improve children's health.