DOMINAN FAKTOR YANG PALING MEMENGARUHI KEJADIAN PREEKLAMPSIA

Abstrak

Latar Belakang: Preeklampsia merupakan komplikasi serius pada kehamilan yang ditandai hipertensi, proteinuria, dan edema, serta menjadi penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas maternal maupun perinatal. Berbagai penelitian menunjukkan hasil berbeda mengenai faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian preeklampsia seperti usia, paritas, IMT, dan riwayat penyakit kronis. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan desain retrospektif korelasional. Sampel berjumlah 103 responden dengan teknik nonprobability sampling. Analisis data meliputi uji univariat, bivariat (chi-square), dan multivariat (regresi logistik ganda). Variabel dependen yaitu kejadian preeklampsia, sedangkan variabel independen meliputi usia, gravida, paritas, IMT, riwayat hipertensi, riwayat preeklampsia sebelumnya, kadar Hb, riwayat DM, kehamilan ganda, pekerjaan, protein urin, usia kehamilan, dan MAP. Hasil: Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara kejadian preeklampsia dengan usia p value = 0,046; IMT p value = 0,043; riwayat hipertensi p value = 0,024; riwayat preeklampsia sebelumnya p value = 0,010; kadar Hb p value = 0,019; usia kehamilan p value = 0,012; MAP p value = 0,009; dan protein urin p value = 0,044. Sedangkan, gravida p value = 1,000; paritas p value = 1,000; riwayat DM p value = 1,000; kehamilan ganda p value = 1,000; dan pekerjaan p value = 0,195 tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian preeklampsia.. Faktor paling berpengaruh adalah kadar Hb ( value = 0,019; OR = 3,784).

Background: Preeclampsia was a serious pregnancy complication characterized by hypertension, proteinuria, and edema, and was one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Various studies had shown different results regarding the factors associated with the incidence of preeclampsia, such as age, parity, body mass index (BMI), and a history of chronic diseases. Methods: This study used a quantitative method with a retrospective correlational design. The sample consisted of 103 respondents selected using a non-probability sampling technique. Data analysis included univariate, bivariate (chi-square), and multivariate (multiple logistic regression) tests. The dependent variable was the incidence of preeclampsia, while the independent variables included age, gravida, parity, BMI, history of hypertension, history of previous preeclampsia, hemoglobin levels, history of diabetes mellitus, multiple pregnancy, occupation, urinary protein, gestational age, and mean arterial pressure (MAP). Results: The results showed a significant relationship between preeclampsia and maternal age p value = 0.046; BMI p value = 0.043; history of hypertension p value = 0.024; previous preeclampsia p value = 0.010; hemoglobin level p value = 0.019; gestational age p value = 0.012; MAP p value = 0.009; and urinary protein p value = 0.044. Meanwhile, gravida p value = 1.000; parity p value = 1.000; history of diabetes mellitus p value = 1.000; multiple pregnancy p value = 1.000; and occupation p value = 0.195 were not associated with preeclampsia. The most influential factor was hemoglobin level ( value = 0.019; OR = 3.784).